Electrical system of distribution.



PATENTED AUG. 14, 1906.

A. S HUBBARD.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OI DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED APR.10, 1905.

, nating-current work-circuit.

of which is connected to conductors l 2 3,

T0 aZZ whom it may concerm -thedollowing is a specification.

will be pointed out hereinafterin connection 35' ing conductors 1 2 3 eading therefrom.

.o: being connected to the contact f 'of the end-cell. switch, as shown. The "end:cell.

ALBERT S. HUBBARD, -03F GREEhU/VFCH,

Et'scrsicai.

No. 828,3 1 5. Specification of it it.

Letters Patent.

Application filed April 10, 1905. .Ssrial 1%. 254,830;

'Beit known that I, ALBERT S. HUBBARD, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in Greenwich, in he county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new-and useful Improvements in the Art of Electrical Systems of Distribution, of.which My invention relates to electrical systems of distribution, and more especially to. sys

terns in which there is an alternating-current generator connected through arectiiying'device to'a direct-current circuit in which. is a battery connected across the circuit and means are provided to automatically regulate the batterycurrent.

The object of the invention is to provide an efiicient arrangement of apparatus to regulate the battery'in accordance With the load. on the alternating-current generator, and to this e'nd I provide a special rectifying device which receives an alternating current that varies in accordance with the variations of load on the alternating-current generator, and I cause the direct current from this rectifying device to energize oi partly energize the field of a generator to govern the direction and intensity of the. current from such generator. I The current from this latter generator actuates a motor which operates in either direction to add to or remove cells from the battery-circuit.

The 'more specific features of my invention with the detailed description of the specific embodiment of my invention shown in the drawing. 1 v

The drawing is a diagram illustrating a specific system embodying the various features of my invention A is an aiternatin current generator hav 4 5 6 represent the conductors of an alter- K represents a transformer the primary While the secondary is .connected by conductors7 8 9 to the alternating-current end of a rectifying device, in this case illustrated as a rotaryconverter'Bi v 0 and 11 are the conductors of the directrent end of converter B. .=Eis astorage battery, the end cells e e bhfil'erswitch is connected to the conductor 10, wh le the other end of the battery is connected to the conductor it. This battery E is adapted to steady the load on the alternatingcurrent generator A, and this regardless of Whether that load tends to change because of changes in the Work-circuit i 5 6 or Whether it tends to change because of changes in any Work-circuit that may be connected on the direct-current side of the system.

I will now.describe the means that are on ployed to regulate the battery in order that it may more effectually steady the load on the alternating-current generator.

L is a transformer placed in the conduc tors 1 2 3 and tween the generator A and the worlccirc 6, so that thecurrent-in the primary the transformer L variesin accordance with the variations of current in generator A. The secondary of transformer L is connected by conductors 12', 13, and 14 ably driven at synchronous speed by a' rotary C,receiving current from the alternatingcurrent circuit through the transformer K.

D and represent, respectively, the motor and generator end bf a direct-current motor-generator, the motor D being con nected across the circuit 10 11.. The genera tor end D. of this motor-generator is energized by two windings. connected to the direct-current end of the rectifying device C, and therefore receives a current that varies in accordance with the load on generator A. The other field-coil D should receive a substantially constant cu-r rent, and to this end 1 preferably connect it to the direct-current end of the rotary C, as shown. The proper adjustment of the two fields of the generator D should be such that the desired average load for generator A the magnetization aicrded by coil dshould exactly equal and oppose the magnetization aiforded by coil d. With this adjustment any change in the current generated by A from the average desired will cause the magnetization afforded by coil (2 to rise above or fall below the constant magnetization afforded by coil 03, with the result that a current generated One of: these, (2, is

properly adjust the strength of coil a", and so adjust the average load on generator A at any desired point.

G represents a motor whose armature 1s connected to the armature of generator 1),

50 that the rotation. of this motor in either direction is entirely dependent upon the cur rent output of the generator D. This motor is energized by a field-coil g, connected to any source of approximate constant potential-as, for example, in the case shown across the circuit 10 1v 1..

The motor G in its rotation turns the screw f, the turning of which reciprocates the nut f, carrying the two contacts f j, the former of which connects across from the terminals of the ends cells to the contactf, connected to cm'iductor 10, while the other movable contact f connects across from the terminals of the end cells to the contact Fis a counter-electronictiveforce cell co in nected between the fixed contacts f and to prevent the short-circuiting of any cell in the movement of the switch. if desired, a resistance may be used instead of this counter-electromotive-force cell.

it will be seen by this arrangement that any change in generator A makes itself felt in the rectifying device C, and this in turn causes a like change in the magnetization afforded by the coil (Z, and this in turn affects the current output of the generator, causing the motor G to rotate in one direction or another until the current in A reaches the desired. normal.

When there is an increase of current in the alternating-current generator, tl'iere is an in crease of current in the rectifying device C, and therefore in the [ield-coil (Z of the generator B) Under these circumstz'mc s the energizing effect of this coil is strong enough to overcome that of he coil d. The direction of current to the motor G will be such as to rotate it in a direction to move the nutf upwardly, so inserting additional cells in. the battcry-circuit. This increases the voltage of the battery, and therefore causes a discharge of the battery to the work-circuit 4t 5 6 or to any other work-circuit that might be connected to the system. This insertion of cells will continue until the load upon generator A has again become reduced sufliciently to cause the stoppage of motor G. On the other hand, if the current in. generator A falls below the desired average the energizing ell'ect of coil cl becomes greater than that of coil d. Then the armature D generates current in such a direction that the motor will be reversed and withdraw battery-cellsfrom the circuit. it willbe seen, therefore, that the tendency of the system will be to constantly insertor withrh'aw battery-cells according as the gcncrator-current.rises or falls above or below the point a t which the system is adjusted, and therefore that a constant; generator-current is nntintuined.

At M,l haveshown a double-throw switch, which when clo ed in one direction connects the secondary ol' trans ormer IJ with the alternating end of the regulating rectifying dcvice C and when closed in the other direction short-circuits the secondary of said trans former, so as to permit the primary current to be unin'tluenced by the secondary when for any reason it is desirable that the regulating apparatus be not employedas, for example, when. only the alternating-current side of the system is to be used.

Having thus described my invention, what 1 claim as new, and desire to protect by Letters Patent, is I 1. The combination of an alternating-cur rent-generator and a circuittherefrom, a. dircct-current circuit, a rectifying device between the two circuits, a storage battery across the direct-current circuit, a motor controlling the number of cells in the batterycircuit, and means dependent upon the condition of the alternating-current circuit for starting the motor in either direction.

The combination of an alternating-cur rent generator and. a circuit therefrom, a di rect-currcnt circuit, a rectifying device between the two circuits, av storage battery across the direct-current circuit, a motor controlling the number of cells in the battery circuit, a generator supplying current to said motor, and means dependent upon the condition of the alternsiting-current circuit for varying the power of said generator.

3. The combination of an alternating-current generator and a circuit therefrom, a direct-current circuit, a rectifying device between the two circuits, a storage battery across the direct-current circuit, a motorcontrolling the number of cells in tin batterycircuit a generator supplying current to said motor, a regulating-coil for said generator. and means for varying the current in said coil depend entu pon changesof electrical conditions of the alternating-currentgcircuit.

4-. The combination of an altcrnating-current generator and a circuit therefrom, a di rect-current circuit, a rectifying device be tween the two circuits, a storage battery across the direct-current circuit, a motor con trolling the number of cells in the. batterycircuit, a generator supplying current to said motor, a regulating-coil for said geruu'ator, a coil in the altermtting-curreut circuit and means for varying the current in the former coil in'accordance with the variations of current in the latter coil.

5. The combination of an alternating-current generator and a circuit therefrom, a dircctcurrent circuit, a rectifying device between the two circuits, 2 storage battery 60 a direct-current gene rice withthegcneretor ween the generator and the worlccircuit ions, 21- direct-current circuit, c rccti- 7o device bet. n the alt and dicurt circr i, a battery connected acrose the direct-cu1 rent ci 'cuit, another rectii' r device receiving current from the secl f or said trzmslormer, u (lire :t current 75 k tor, a iiel l-whirling lor mill generator our the connected with soirl rectifying device, a mo- 7 recon-ring current from said. generator and notcr cor.-

re combination of slit c controlling by its rotation the number of cells cot o e 7 1 e rife of the battery in circuit. 80

he combination. of an alternating-cur- .eretor, a. circuit therefrom, a Working coiiinected to said circuit, a. trensn series with illOgEIllittOl zit-or and the \i'ork-circuit 8 flit-0 .21 out circuit, a. recti mote. on .n the alternating and (ii- 1 of sa-ic rect 'ent circuits, it buttery connected the dire wt-current circuit, another recsit-1o. substent .I' I w l cold-Wino changes oi ccnd crevice receiving current from the sec- 0 rent circuit ior ioder 01; id transformer, at direct-current v 1 x 1 p I x w other or sci-'1 f elr V1 (in u Li riding for SZLlCi generator 8. The SO'rIli'JmZtiiOZl oi I rent generator and a cirt ,0 root-current ci uit tween two c across the directu trolling the no... circuit, dynamo co to supply current ther for said dynamo, a re ed to each Wind'ng, vices". (sing $011110 rent circuit to receive 4o tial constant in accordance the elternctii'ig-current 9. The com' Lotion oi rent generator and a r 4.5 root-current circuit, tee

tween the two circuits, across the direct-current trolling the number of cells cuit, dynamo co o supply current there for said ilyneino, a recti ed in shunt to the alto rr-ictifving device, an oplillllg for said generator conreceive it substaiiiticlly constant 5 t, a. motor receivi currcnt from said its rotation the (or and c ntrolling =r of cells of the better .lIl circuit.

' r ioetiori of on olternetingmur- 1d c circuit therefrci'n, a di- I00 l 'rcuit, c. rectifying device beie two circuits, :2. storage battery i direct-current cirei iit it motor com the number cl cells in. the battery- :i direct-current motor-generator, a I05 ii ding seici motor and the gcnerator Hi or the motor-generctor, and means dependent upon the condition of the alternoting .t circuit for varying the power ti l. generator. I 1 10 he combination of analternotingwmrigging rent rem r genera or and a c rcuit therefrom, a direct-current circuit, a. rectifying device between the ve circuits, it storage battery.

the 'liiect-current circuit, a motor con- 115 ling the number cells in the battery-- t, n. direct-current motor-generator, a

and supplying coir t J inrfiutling said motor and. the generowindii s, z-i translorm cltcrneting-current 5,

mg device coi'inec't d to current of tor nd of the moter-generator, opposing; and e. Yelri inrli for the said generator end, 120 0ndMy oi for supplying c 51 ibstuntially constant transfer to the otiie of c: FY6111? to one of said field-windings, and said field-i means for vzrrying th current in the other of 10. In apparatus for 21* ton'ie'tic regulzittion, seitl field-windings dependent upon the con- U Q", o iipcsing fielddition the alternating current circuit. 12 5 wnidings thereon, an cite a ng-current cir- 15. file-combination of analter11ating-cu1= cuit, 2 id means for ind ientiy rec-ti rent generator and a circuit therefrom, a di currents from the alter-m ree -current circuit, a *ectifying device befor the circuits oi the said tween the two circuits, it storage battery 1].. The conibilmtioi o.

.cross the direct current circuit, an alternet- 13o ing work-circuit, a motor controlling the number of cells in the battery-circuit, and. means for starting the motor in either direction dependent upon the load on the alternatingcurrcnt generator.

16. In a regulating apparatus, 21' series transformer, 1, rectifying device connected to the secondary thereof, a direct-current generator, a regulating-coil therefor connected to the said rectifying device, and a doublethrow switch in the circuit from the said secondary to the rectifying device arranged to either close said circuit or to open the circuit and short-circuit said secondz-uy.

17. The combination of on. alternating-current generator and :1 circuit therefrom, a di-- rcct-currcnt circuit, at rectifying device hetwcen the two circuits, a storage battery connected to the direct-current circuit, en endcell switch for said battery, and means de pendent upon the condition of the alternet ling-current circuit for controlling said endcell switch.

18. The combination of an alternating :ur-

dition of the e1terintting-current circuit for varying the current to said electromagnetic device.

in testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALBERT S. HUBBARD l/Vitnesses EDWIN Scene, JOHN O. GEMPLER. 

